{"id":5372,"date":"2023-08-03T08:40:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T08:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/?p=5372"},"modified":"2026-08-27T09:52:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T06:52:20","slug":"tls-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/tls-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"TLS Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TLS, \u0130ngilizce <strong>Transport Layer Security<\/strong> ifadesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede <strong>Aktar\u0131m Katman\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim kuran istemci ve sunucu aras\u0131ndaki veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u015fifrelemek, ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>TLS; web siteleri, e-posta servisleri, API ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, dosya aktar\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar ve anl\u0131k mesajla\u015fma sistemleri gibi pek \u00e7ok internet hizmetinde kullan\u0131labilir. Web \u00fczerindeki en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/https-nedir-https-nasil-calisir\/\">HTTPS<\/a> ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde teknik olarak SSL yerine TLS protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak sekt\u00f6r genelinde \u201cSSL sertifikas\u0131\u201d ifadesi yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/ssl-sertifikasi-nedir\/\"><strong>SSL nedir?<\/strong><\/a> sorusunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131 i\u00e7in ilgili rehberimizi inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6467 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tsl-nasil-calisir.jpeg\" alt=\"tsl-nasil-calisir\" width=\"810\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tsl-nasil-calisir.jpeg 810w, https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tsl-nasil-calisir-300x163.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tsl-nasil-calisir-768x417.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>TLS Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h2>\n<p>TLS\u2019nin temel amac\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir olmayan bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen istemci-sunucu ileti\u015fimini g\u00fcvenli hale getirmektir. Bunu \u00fc\u00e7 temel g\u00fcvenlik i\u015fleviyle sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gizlilik:<\/strong> Aktar\u0131lan verileri \u015fifreleyerek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi okumas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck:<\/strong> Verilerin aktar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilip de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011finin kontrol edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kimlik do\u011frulama:<\/strong> Dijital sertifikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla istemcinin do\u011fru sunucuya ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TLS sayesinde kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, parola, \u00f6deme bilgileri, form verileri ve \u00f6zel mesajlar gibi hassas bilgiler a\u00e7\u0131k metin olarak iletilmez.<\/p>\n<p>TLS kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki risklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f trafi\u011finin dinlenmesi<\/li>\n<li>Verilerin aktar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Sahte bir sunucuya y\u00f6nlendirme<\/li>\n<li>Oturum bilgilerinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Yetkisiz ki\u015filerin ileti\u015fimi okumas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TLS, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na engelleyen bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fildir. Ancak g\u00fcvenli veri ileti\u015fiminin temel bile\u015fenlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n<h2>TLS Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>TLS, ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131nda bir <strong>TLS el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, yani TLS handshake ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te taraflar kullan\u0131lacak TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u015fifreleme y\u00f6ntemlerini belirler, sunucunun sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular ve ba\u011flant\u0131 boyunca kullan\u0131lacak oturum anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>TLS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131nda asimetrik ve simetrik kriptografi birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Asimetrik kriptografi<\/strong>, sunucunun kimli\u011finin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli anahtar de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simetrik kriptografi<\/strong>, ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulduktan sonra verilerin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimli \u015fekilde \u015fifrelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>TLS el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir?<\/h3>\n<p>TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ve ba\u011flant\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re teknik mesajlar de\u011fi\u015febilse de s\u00fcre\u00e7 genel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde ilerler:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0130stemci ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/strong><br \/>Taray\u0131c\u0131 veya uygulama, destekledi\u011fi TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri ve \u015fifreleme se\u00e7enekleriyle birlikte sunucuya bir ClientHello mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sunucu ba\u011flant\u0131 parametrelerini se\u00e7er.<\/strong><br \/>Sunucu, kullan\u0131lacak TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u015fifreleme tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek yan\u0131t verir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sunucu sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/strong><br \/>Dijital sertifika, sunucunun kimli\u011finin ve alan ad\u0131yla ili\u015fkisinin do\u011frulanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sertifika do\u011frulan\u0131r.<\/strong><br \/>\u0130stemci; sertifikan\u0131n ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresini, alan ad\u0131 e\u015fle\u015fmesini, sertifika zincirini ve g\u00fcvenilir bir sertifika otoritesi taraf\u0131ndan imzalan\u0131p imzalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oturum anahtarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulur.<\/strong><br \/>\u0130stemci ve sunucu, ba\u011flant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak ortak oturum anahtarlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u015eifreli veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flar.<\/strong><br \/>El s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma tamamland\u0131ktan sonra uygulama verileri simetrik \u015fifreleme kullan\u0131larak iletilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>TLS 1.3, \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere k\u0131yasla el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecini sadele\u015ftirmi\u015f, eski ve g\u00fcvensiz kriptografik se\u00e7enekleri kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulumunu h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-5384 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TLS-Nedir-Nasil-Calisir-HTTPS-TLS-ve-SSL-1-1-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"TLS Nedir Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r HTTPS TLS ve SSL 1\" width=\"604\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TLS-Nedir-Nasil-Calisir-HTTPS-TLS-ve-SSL-1-1-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TLS-Nedir-Nasil-Calisir-HTTPS-TLS-ve-SSL-1-1-768x417.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TLS-Nedir-Nasil-Calisir-HTTPS-TLS-ve-SSL-1-1.jpg 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>HTTPS, TLS ve SSL Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>HTTPS, TLS ve SSL birbiriyle ili\u015fkili kavramlard\u0131r ancak ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade etmez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HTTPS, HTTP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn TLS ile \u015fifrelenmi\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde HTTPS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 SSL yerine TLS protokol\u00fc ile korunur. Buna ra\u011fmen sekt\u00f6r genelinde \u201cSSL sertifikas\u0131\u201d terimi kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>HTTP, taray\u0131c\u0131 ile web sunucusu aras\u0131nda web verilerinin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan uygulama katman\u0131 protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTPS ise bu HTTP ileti\u015fimini TLS ile koruyarak verilerin \u015fifreli \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/https-nedir-https-nasil-calisir\/\"><strong>HTTPS nedir?<\/strong><\/a> ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r sorular\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131 i\u00e7in ilgili rehberimizi inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00d6zellik<\/th>\n<th>SSL<\/th>\n<th>TLS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Secure Sockets Layer<\/td>\n<td>Transport Layer Security<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcvenli Yuva Katman\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Aktar\u0131m Katman\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcncel durumu<\/td>\n<td>Eski ve kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f protokol ailesidir<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00fcr\u00fcmler<\/td>\n<td>SSL 2.0 ve SSL 3.0<\/td>\n<td>TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 ve 1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcvenlik seviyesi<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcncel g\u00fcvenlik gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaz<\/td>\n<td>TLS 1.2 ve \u00f6zellikle TLS 1.3 modern g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kullan\u0131m<\/td>\n<td>Teknik olarak kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r<\/td>\n<td>HTTPS ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yayg\u0131n adland\u0131rma<\/td>\n<td>\u201cSSL sertifikas\u0131\u201d ifadesinde ya\u015famaya devam eder<\/td>\n<td>Ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 fiilen koruyan protokold\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>SSL sertifikas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan dijital sertifikalar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011funlukla TLS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u201cSSL sertifikas\u0131\u201d \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sekt\u00f6rel ad\u0131, TLS ise g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan g\u00fcncel protokol olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>HTTPS, TLS ve sertifika ili\u015fkisi<\/h3>\n<p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 kavram aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>HTTP<\/strong>, web verilerinin aktar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLS<\/strong>, bu veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u015fifreleyen g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTPS<\/strong>, HTTP\u2019nin TLS \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SSL\/TLS sertifikas\u0131<\/strong>, sunucunun kimli\u011finin do\u011frulanmas\u0131na ve TLS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan dijital sertifikad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>TLS S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n<p>TLS protokol\u00fc zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00fcvenlik ve performans ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Yay\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131<\/th>\n<th>G\u00fcncel durum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>TLS 1.0<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td>Kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TLS 1.1<\/td>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td>Kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TLS 1.2<\/td>\n<td>2008<\/td>\n<td>Yayg\u0131n olarak desteklenir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TLS 1.3<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<td>En g\u00fcncel standartt\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>IETF, TLS 1.0 ve TLS 1.1 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini g\u00fcncel kriptografik gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lamamalar\u0131 nedeniyle resm\u00ee olarak kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcmler yerine TLS 1.2 veya TLS 1.3 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>TLS 1.0<\/h3>\n<p>TLS protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilinen g\u00fcvenlik zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve modern \u015fifreleme y\u00f6ntemlerini yeterince desteklememesi nedeniyle kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>TLS 1.1<\/h3>\n<p>TLS 1.0 \u00fczerindeki baz\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7ermesine ra\u011fmen art\u0131k g\u00fcncel g\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. TLS 1.0 ile birlikte kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>TLS 1.2<\/h3>\n<p>Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ve do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli kabul edilen bir s\u00fcr\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Modern \u015fifreleme algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131 destekler ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok say\u0131da sunucu ile istemci taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n<h3>TLS 1.3<\/h3>\n<p>TLS 1.3, protokol\u00fcn en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. IETF taraf\u0131ndan RFC 8446 ile standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sade bir el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131s\u0131, daha az gecikme ve g\u00fcncel kriptografik algoritmalar sunar. Eski ve zay\u0131f \u015fifreleme se\u00e7eneklerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu s\u00fcr\u00fcmden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda TLS 1.3 etkinle\u015ftirilmeli, geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck uyumlulu\u011fun gerekli oldu\u011fu durumlarda TLS 1.2 de desteklenmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>TLS Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>TLS yaln\u0131zca web sitelerinde kullan\u0131lan bir protokol de\u011fildir. A\u011f \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli ileti\u015fim gerektiren \u00e7ok say\u0131da hizmette kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h3>Web siteleri ve HTTPS<\/h3>\n<p>Web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile web sunucusu aras\u0131ndaki HTTP trafi\u011fi TLS ile \u015fifrelenerek HTTPS ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n<h3>E-posta ileti\u015fimi<\/h3>\n<p>SMTP, IMAP ve POP3 gibi e-posta protokollerinin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 TLS ile korunabilir. Bu sayede kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile e-posta sunucusu aras\u0131ndaki veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 \u015fifrelenir.<\/p>\n<h3>API ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Web ve mobil uygulamalar\u0131n API \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 HTTPS \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilerek eri\u015fim anahtarlar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verileri ve i\u015flem bilgileri korunabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Dosya transferleri<\/h3>\n<p>FTPS ve benzeri TLS destekli dosya aktar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerinde dosyalar\u0131n a\u011f \u00fczerinden \u015fifreli olarak g\u00f6nderilmesi sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Anl\u0131k mesajla\u015fma ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar<\/h3>\n<p>Mesajla\u015fma, sesli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i toplant\u0131 servisleri, istemci-sunucu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in TLS kullanabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>DNS ileti\u015fimi<\/h3>\n<p>DNS over TLS, DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131n istemci ile DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici aras\u0131nda \u015fifreli \u015fekilde iletilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h3>Kurumsal uygulamalar<\/h3>\n<p>\u015eirket i\u00e7i y\u00f6netim panelleri, CRM sistemleri, \u00f6deme servisleri ve di\u011fer kurumsal uygulamalarda g\u00fcvenli veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in TLS kullan\u0131labilir. TLS ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda korur. Verilerin cihazda veya sunucuda sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015famadaki g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc, veri taban\u0131 \u015fifreleme ve uygulama g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gibi ek \u00f6nlemler gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2>TLS Hatas\u0131 Nedir ve Nas\u0131l \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h2>\n<p>TLS hatas\u0131, istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011flant\u0131 problemidir. Hata; sertifika yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, protokol uyumsuzlu\u011fu, alan ad\u0131 e\u015fle\u015fmesi, sistem saati veya sunucu ayarlar\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 nedenlerden kaynaklanabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>TLS hatalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n nedenleri<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>SSL\/TLS sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinin dolmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sertifika ile alan ad\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fle\u015fmemesi<\/li>\n<li>Ara sertifika zincirinin eksik kurulmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcvenilmeyen sertifika otoritesi<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stemci ve sunucunun ortak bir TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnde anla\u015famamas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Desteklenmeyen veya zay\u0131f \u015fifreleme tak\u0131mlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yanl\u0131\u015f sistem tarihi ve saati<\/li>\n<li>Proxy, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 veya antivir\u00fcs m\u00fcdahalesi<\/li>\n<li>Sunucu Ad\u0131 G\u00f6stergesi (SNI) yap\u0131land\u0131rma sorunlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcncelli\u011fini yitirmi\u015f taray\u0131c\u0131, i\u015fletim sistemi veya sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>TLS hatas\u0131 nas\u0131l giderilir?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Sertifikan\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kontrol edin.<\/strong><br \/>Sertifikan\u0131n s\u00fcresinin dolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve do\u011fru alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden emin olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sertifika zincirini inceleyin.<\/strong><br \/>Sunucu sertifikas\u0131yla birlikte gerekli ara sertifikalar\u0131n do\u011fru s\u0131rada y\u00fcklendi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kontrol edin.<\/strong><br \/>Sunucuda TLS 1.2 ve TLS 1.3 deste\u011finin etkin oldu\u011fundan emin olun. TLS 1.0 ve TLS 1.1 yeniden etkinle\u015ftirilmemelidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Taray\u0131c\u0131 ve i\u015fletim sistemini g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/strong><br \/>Eski istemciler modern sertifika zincirlerini veya TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini desteklemeyebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarih ve saat ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/strong><br \/>Yanl\u0131\u015f sistem saati, ge\u00e7erli bir sertifikan\u0131n s\u00fcresi dolmu\u015f veya hen\u00fcz ge\u00e7erli de\u011filmi\u015f gibi alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 test edin.<\/strong><br \/>Sanal sunucu, SNI, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ve 443 numaral\u0131 port ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proxy ve g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.<\/strong><br \/>TLS trafi\u011fini denetleyen kurumsal proxy veya antivir\u00fcs yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 zincirini etkileyebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hata kodunu ayr\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirin.<\/strong><br \/>ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR, ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID veya ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH\u00a0gibi hata kodlar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm uygulanmadan \u00f6nce hata kodunun kayna\u011f\u0131 belirlenmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>TLS hatalar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in eski SSL\/TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini etkinle\u015ftirmek g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nceki i\u00e7erikte yer alan \u201ct\u00fcm SSL ve TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini etkinle\u015ftirin\u201d \u00f6nerisi kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. TLS 1.0 ve TLS 1.1 resm\u00ee olarak kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><b>TLS \u0130le \u0130lgili En \u00c7ok Sorulan Sorular<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>TLS ve SSL aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>TLS, SSL&#8217;in daha g\u00fcvenli ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir versiyonudur. SSL 3.0&#8217;dan sonra, protokol TLS olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. TLS 1.0, SSL 3.0&#8217;\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>1.0 (1999)<\/li>\n<li>1.1 (2006)<\/li>\n<li>1.2 (2008)<\/li>\n<li>1.3 (2018)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Hangi TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>G\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle, en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm olan 1.3 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. 1.2 de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmler (1.0 ve 1.1) art\u0131k g\u00fcvenli kabul edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>TLS 1.3&#8217;\u00fcn avantajlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>1.3, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri ve geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sunar. Ayr\u0131ca, bir\u00e7ok eski ve g\u00fcvensiz \u015fifreleme algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 da kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>TLS nas\u0131l etkinle\u015ftirilir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Web sunucular\u0131nda etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir SSL\/TLS sertifikas\u0131 y\u00fcklemeniz gerekmektedir. Bu sertifikalar genellikle g\u00fcvenilir bir sertifika yetkilisinden (CA) al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>TLS hatas\u0131 nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hatalar genellikle g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u015funlar kontrol edilmelidir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>Sertifikan\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ve do\u011fru y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011fru TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve \u015fifreleme algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stemci ve sunucu aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TLS, \u0130ngilizce Transport Layer Security ifadesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Aktar\u0131m Katman\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim kuran istemci ve sunucu aras\u0131ndaki veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u015fifrelemek, ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. TLS; web siteleri, e-posta servisleri, API ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, dosya aktar\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar ve anl\u0131k mesajla\u015fma sistemleri gibi pek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[49,51],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5372"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9285,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5372\/revisions\/9285"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkticaret.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}